![]() But I could get nothing into perspective. The wretched prisoners huddling in the stinking cages of the lock-ups, the grey, cowed faces of the long-term convicts, the scarred buttocks of the men who had been Bogged with bamboos – all these oppressed me with an intolerable sense of guilt. In a job like that you see the dirty work of Empire at close quarters. As for the job I was doing, I hated it more bitterly than I can perhaps make clear. Theoretically – and secretly, of course – I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British. For at that time I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing and the sooner I chucked up my job and got out of it the better. There were several thousands of them in the town and none of them seemed to have anything to do except stand on street corners and jeer at Europeans.Īll this was perplexing and upsetting. The young Buddhist priests were the worst of all. In the end the sneering yellow faces of young men that met me everywhere, the insults hooted after me when I was at a safe distance, got badly on my nerves. When a nimble Burman tripped me up on the football field and the referee (another Burman) looked the other way, the crowd yelled with hideous laughter. As a police officer I was an obvious target and was baited whenever it seemed safe to do so. No one had the guts to raise a riot, but if a European woman went through the bazaars alone somebody would probably spit betel juice over her dress. I was sub-divisional police officer of the town, and in an aimless, petty kind of way anti-European feeling was very bitter. ![]() In Moulmein, in lower Burma, I was hated by large numbers of people – the only time in my life that I have been important enough for this to happen to me. The Orwell Foundation is an independent charity – please consider making a donation or becoming a Friend of the Foundation to help us maintain these resources for readers everywhere. This material remains under copyright in some jurisdictions, including the US, and is reproduced here with the kind permission of the Orwell Estate. Home / Orwell / Essays and other works / Shooting an Elephant Shooting an Elephant ![]()
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Grown-up males are called “men.” Ask them if they can guess the name for grown-up females. Explain that there are two types of people - males and females. This is best illustrated by using what the preschoolers are most familiar with - themselves. Beginning the Lessonīefore you begin the preschool worksheet, mother and baby animals lessons or read alouds, you must first introduce the idea that animals have different names depending on whether they are male or female, and adult or offspring. Mother and baby animals are the focus, and the best introduction is to spend time reading about them. If you try this, let me know what other ways you adapt it so we can try them too!! DOWNLOAD ANIMAL MOVEMENT CARDS HEREĬheck out some of our other favorite animal activities below.Preschool children have a natural fascination with animals - especially baby animals! Help your little ones learn the names of different animals and their offspring with these lesson ideas and coordinating preschool worksheet. If it had been a bowling game he would've loved it even better. I think he loved this version the best because he is very interested in baseball right now. We worked on beginning letters/end letters/letter names when I would say, "Throw your bean bag at an animal that ends with the letter n." or "Throw the bean bag at an animal that starts with the /c/ sound." I would ask a question and then he would throw the bean bag at the correct baby animal target. Our last version of the game included taping the cards up at eye level and giving my son a bean bag. For example, "Find the animal who's mommy is a horse." Once they find the correct card, act out the action stated on the card. Name the mother animal and then have the child try and find the baby animal card. You can also talk about different actions that cubs might do and then practice acting them out. Or to make it easier you just can say, "Go find the pink cub." and then do the action together. ![]() When they get to the correct card, ask which animal they see on that particular color card. Since each card is a different color, tell them to go to a specific color card. ![]() For younger kids, incorporate color recognition. Tell them to find a specific animal and when they get there, read the sentence below the picture while acting it out! For older kids, work on reading the action sentences. Name the animal, alphabet letter, or action and have your child bounce the ball over to and then throw it at the correct card. (grazing in the grass like a calf- he thought it was funny to lick the carpet! ick!) Show your child an action, have them try and run to the correct animal card, say the animal name, and repeat the action. 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Our simple baby animal movement game is a fun way to teach kids about animals, learn some new vocabulary, and get kids moving! We were ready for a new Spring themed version, so we tried it out this morning and loved it! One of our most popular activities (ours and yours) last summer was this Ocean Animal Movements post. ![]() ![]() ![]() The fantastic Netflix original film’s story follows a wealthy woman with a scrooge complex named Regina Fuller, played by Baranski, who returns to the hometown to evict the residents and sell the land to a mall developer. All the music in the film was written by Parton herself, and the end result is a beautifully orchestrated ordeal from start to finish that subscribers will not want to miss. Music sensation and icon Dolly Parton stars in the exciting Xmas feature along with The Good Fight star Christine Baranski and Treat Williams, among many other talented individuals. Dolly Parton’s Christmas on the Square (2020)ĭolly Parton’s Christmas on the Square is a delightfully entertaining children and family Christmas musical movie available exclusively on the streaming service Netflix that is sure to be the perfect choice for subscribers looking for something to get them in the holiday spirit. We shared a list of15 family Christmas movies full of heartwarming moments and hilarious holiday-themed shenanigans that are available on Netflix. In order to make sure no police chases or otherworldly monsters are scrolling up your holiday, we have traversed the far reaches of the Netflix library and have found several motion pictures that will not disappoint. Then there are titles like Krampus and Black Christmas that turn the merry occasion into a night-mare-inducing ordeal that ends up having some adult sleeping with the lights on, asking writing Santa to bring them a bigger nightlight. Some examples of titles that wouldn’t make this particular list would be action-packed endeavors like Lethal Weapon and Die Hard, which, regardless of any nonsensical debates, those two flicks have Xmas move written all over them. Several titles that showcase a significant amount of yuletide aesthetics aren’t actually good for the young ones, nor are they very cheerful. Many are probably out there thinking that every Christmas movie has to be a family-friendly affair when that is actually not the case at all. There are so many good family Christmas movies to watch on Netflix this year!Ĭhristmas is here once again, and so are all the challenges that come with making the special day great, including decorating the house, finding everyone that perfect gift, and cooking a magnificent meal to serve before the evening commences with everyone getting cozy by the fire.īut thankfully, the fine folks at Netflix have taken one thing off the agenda by being the gift that keeps on giving as well as the place to find all of the best holiday-themed movies that subscribers of all ages are sure to enjoy from start to finish. COURTESY OF NETFLIX © 2020 / Family Christmas movies to watch on Netflix in 2020 DOLLY PARTONÕS CHRISTMAS ON THE SQUARE (L to R) DOLLY PARTON as ANGEL in DOLLY PARTONÕS CHRISTMAS ON THE SQUARE Cr. ![]() ![]() ![]() You may be able to extend your amortization, depending on your down payment or other details (talk to our mortgage experts for more info). 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To be deprived of bathing privileges was one of the harshest punishments that could be meted out to a community: such a fate was suffered by Antioch in 387 ce (John Chrysostom, On the Statues 13.2–6 Libanius, Orations 22.2–7). 1 Other centers, such as Antioch-on-the-Orontes or Timgad, had dozens. ![]() Constantinople by the end of the 5th century had 8 thermae and 153 small baths, twenty-six of whose sites can be identified ( Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae). By the beginning of the 4th century ce, Rome had 856 small baths ( balneae) and 10 thermae, the latter designated by name ( Notitia Urbis Regionum and Curiosum Urbis Romae Regionum). Physical and archaeological evidence testifies to the popularity of public baths and bathing. The pleasures of the Roman bath, indeed, attracted people at all levels of the society in an inclusive, popular, quasi-democratic setting. This politically inspired story underlines Hadrian’s sharp wit and modesty in visiting public baths and washing with his subjects. Next time in public baths, Hadrian was treated to the sight of a row of old men scraping themselves against walls the witty emperor disappointed them by advising them to rub each other (S.H.A. There is a story, probably apocryphal, featuring the Emperor Hadrian’s generosity to an old soldier who was rubbing his back against the marble wall of a public bath because he could not afford to pay an attendant to massage him. The tradition of public bathing and baths passed on to Early Christian, Byzantine, and Medieval Islamic societies across Asia Minor and the eastern Mediterranean. These grand bathing palaces combined exercise, bathing, recreation, and quasi-intellectual activities in vast, park-like precincts, as best exemplified by the Thermae of Caracalla in Rome. There is little doubt that bathing as an ultimate luxurious experience was epitomized by the imperial thermae first developed in Rome and spread to the provinces. The earliest Roman baths ( balneae), which show the mastery of floor and wall heating, and a planning system based on controlled and graded heating of spaces, emerged in Latium and Campania by the early 2nd century bce. The origins of Roman baths can be traced in the simpler Greek baths and the bathing facilities of the Greek gymnasium and palaestra, as well as the farm traditions of rural Italy. ![]() ![]() Public bathing as a daily habit, a hygienic, medicinal, recreational, and luxurious experience belonged to the Romans. Ordinary Greeks bathed at home or in public baths characterized by circular chambers with hip-baths and rudimentary heating systems. 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Fig. 2). Remark: Since a virtual point source located at the cone’s vertex produces the same spatial radiation distribution as the flashlight’s bulb together with its concave mirror, the “inverse square law” applies for this configuration. Thus, the cone defines a solid angle given by Ω =Īnd the flashlight’s radiant intensity amounts to I = Where r is the distance of the circle from the cone’s vertex. Following the definition of solid angle and approximating the area of the spherical calotte using the area of a circle with a 5 cm radius (= 0.05 m), we get Ω = If we assume that irradiance is constant all over this circle and we neglect the fact that the surface is not perfectly even hence not strictly perpendicular to the beam, we can calculate the irradiance at a 25 cm distance from the flashlight’s front window: E = radiant power impinging upon a surface or area of this surface =įig. 1: Calculating the irradiance caused by a flashlightī) In order to determine the flashlight’s radiant intensity, we have to determine the solid angle determined by the cone. Note that the flashlight does not emit light symmetrically in all directions and the equations derived in Example 1 can therefore not be used.Ī) At a distance of 25 cm from the flashlight’s front window, the whole radiant power of 200 mW (= 0.2 W) impinges on a circle with a 0.05 m radius. Assuming that the mirror reflects without any losses a uniform distribution of power over the cone is generated. In a simple flashlight, a concave mirror reflects light from a small bulb (radiant power Φ = 200 mW) into a divergent cone (see Fig. 1). Fluorescent tubes are a good example in this case. However, when the source cannot be equated with a point source and every point of the source emits light in more than a single direction, the “inverse square law” can no longer be applied. In other cases, a source with considerable geometric dimensions might possibly be replaced by a “virtual” point source, for which the “inverse square law” would still apply at a distance r from this virtual point source (see Example 2). However, it only holds true for distances much larger than the geometric dimensions of the source, which allows the assumption of a point source. Remark: The proportionality of E to r² is generally described with the “inverse square law”. ![]() Which is identical with the result above. Radiant power impinging upon a surface or area of this surface Thus, irradiance E of a surface at a certain distance r and oriented perpendicular to the beam can be calculated from its definition: E e = This result can also be obtained by the following argument:Īt distance r, all the radiant power Φ e,source emitted by the source passes through the surface of a sphere with radius r, which is given by 4r²π. Because the light source emits light symmetrically in all directions, the irradiance has the same value at every point of this sphere. The irradiance at distance r therefore amounts to E e = As a rule of thumb, this approximation is justified if distance r is at least 10 times larger than the dimensions of the light source.Ī) Since the source emits light symmetrical in all directions, its radiant intensity is equal for all directions and amounts to I e =ī) An infinitesimal surface element dA at a distance r and perpendicular to the beam occupies the solid angle dΩ =Īnd thus the infinitesimal radiant power d Φ e,imp impinging onto dA can be calculated by d Φ e,imp = I dΩ = If we are interested in the characteristics of this source at a distance (r) that is much larger than the geometric dimensions of the source itself, we can neglect the actual size of the source and assume that the light is emitted from a point. ![]() Its radiant power equals Φ e,source = 10 W. A small source emits light equally in all directions (spherical symmetry). ![]() |
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